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The earliest evidence of Hinduism in Tanzania is from the 1st millennium AD when there was trade between East Africa and Indian subcontinent.〔Constance Jones and James D. Ryan, Encyclopedia of Hinduism, ISBN 978-0816073368, pp. 10-12〕 Most of these traders came from Gujarat, Deccan (now Maharashtra) and Tamil Chola empire. Archaeological evidence of small Hindu settlements have been found in Zanzibar and parts of Swahili coast, Zimbabwe and Madagascar.〔 Pew Research Center estimates there were about 50,000 Hindus in Tanzania in 2010.〔(Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Numbers ) Pew Research Center (2012)〕 ==History== A mention of ancient trade between Hindus of India and Africa is from the time of Nabonidus, when Babylon was one of the hubs of global trade.〔W.H. Ingrams (1967), Zanzibar: Its History and Its People, ISBN 978-0714611020, Routledge, pp. 33-35〕 In ancient times, the Hindus would trade, never interfere in political system and return to India. Small settlements of Hindus began in 1st century AD, mostly on islands east of Africa, along its coast and in few cases inland. Ancient Indian texts refer to ''Wanyamwezi'', or "the men of the moon" - a term still in use to identify the Nyamwezi people in Tanzania.〔 Every major explorer who visited eastern side of Africa has mentioned the presence of Hindu traders and merchants, in Zanzibar, Kilwa, Mombasa, Malindi and Mozambique. Vasco da Gama won over and convinced one such Africa-settled Gujarati Hindu to help pilot his maiden voyage from Africa to India.〔 This affinity and regular trade was helped by steady trade winds that flow from east Africa to Indian peninsula for part of the year, while reverse and flow from Indian peninsula to east Africa for another part of the year.〔K.N. Chaudhuri (1985), Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the rise of Islam to 1750, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521285421〕 The Hindus were known to be vegetarians and non-violent, never imposing their religion or culture in Africa. They prospered by offering a good trade, quality products and cash loans to the Zanzibar and other African community, but have traditionally kept their religion, social and cultural life as a private, personal matter.〔〔Prabha Bhardwaj, (Hindus Stand Strong In Ancient Tanzania ) Hinduism Today (1996)〕 The first major change came to Tanzania with the arrival of Shia Islam (Ismaili), when Muslims and Omani Arabs began to compete with Indian Hindus, and when Muslims began a campaign of conversion. The second major change came with in 16th century with the arrival of colonial empires and Christianity.〔Claude Markovits (2008), The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750–1947: Traders of Sind from Bukhara to Panama, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521089401, pp. 10-79〕 During the colonial era, after European officials,〔Both during the German colonial empire before World War I, as well the British colonial rule of Tanzania after World War I〕 Hindus were the most economically successful ethnic group in Tanzania, but they remained politically and legally insecure as a minority.〔G. Oonk (2006), South Asians in East Africa (1880-1920) with a Particular Focus on Zanzibar: Toward a Historical Explanation of Economic Success of a Middlemen Minority, African and Asian Studies, Volume 5, Issue 1, pages 57 – 90〕 When British colonial era ended, Indian Hindus became a targeted, persecuted group and many emigrated from Tanzania to Europe and India.〔A. Keshodkar (2010), Marriage as the Means to Preserve ‘Asian-ness’: The Post-Revolutionary Experience of the Asians of Zanzibar, Journal of Asian and African Studies, 45(2), pp. 226-240〕 One of the highest active volcanoes and mountain near Arusha, Tanzania is named Mount Meru after the eponymous mountain in Hindu mythology. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hinduism in Tanzania」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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